Syftet med denna studie var att genom intervjuer beskriva olika betingelser som motiverar män att söka hjälp för sitt våldsutövande i nära relationer samt beskriva olika betingelser som är avgörande för om man fullföljer den planerade behandlingen eller inte. Den tredje frågeställning var om de här beskrivningarna kunde ge idéer om vilka behandlingsinslag som bidrar till att män fullföljer behandlingen som syftar till att man slutar använda våld. Tre män intervjuades tre gånger under sin behandling, det vill säga i början, i mitten och i slutet av behandlingen. Intervjuerna genomfördes under sammanlagt sex månader. Intervjuerna följde en intervjuguide och var halvstrukturerade.

Gemensamt för alla tre män som är avgörande för att de söker hjälp och fullföljer sin behandling är när de upplevde att deras våldshandlingar fick allvarliga konsekvenser både för sig själva och för sin omgivning.

En annan avgörande motiverande faktor för dessa män var att de upplevde att gruppledarna för behandlingsgruppen gav utrymme för allas berättelser. Männen uttrycker att de får ett utrymme för att själva reflektera över den situation som de befinner sig i utan en alltför styrande, kontrollerande attityd från gruppledarna. Detta förhållningssätt från gruppledarna verkar stärka männens motivation till att fortsätta behandlingen och därmed göra förändringen möjligt.

 Mötet med de andra deltagarna är en central motivationsfaktor för att genomföra behandlingen. Känslan att man inte är ensam, att man delar med sig av sina egna erfarenheter, att man känner igen sig, att se värre konsekvenser för andra deltagare är viktiga faktorer i förändringsarbetet.

Motivationen verkar vara motorn eller drivkraften i själva förändringsarbetet. Denna undersökning pekar i riktning att motivationen verkligen är en dynamisk och föränderlig process som påverkas av många olika komponenter, inte minst i relation till andra människor.

Bakgrund: Enligt personcentrerad vård skall patienten ses som en jämlik part och vara delaktig under hela vårdprocessen. Centrala delar i personcentrerad vård är det omfattande perspektivet som ser patientens hela situation, patientens egen förståelse och egna erfarenhet av situationen och deltagandet i beslutfattande. Studier visar att arbetssättet personcentrerad vård bidrar till ökad delaktighet inom den psykiatriska vården och leder till känslor av trygghet och tillit hos patienter.

Syfte: Syftet med denna intervjustudie var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att skapa samt upprätthålla patientdelaktighet i vård av personer med psykossjukdom.

Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer gjordes i denna studie med tio sjuksköterskor verksamma inom psykiatrisk vård i två verksamheter inom sjukvårdsområden i Stockholm. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys valdes som metod vid analysen av materialet.

Resultat: Resultatet visar på att patientdelaktighet är viktig då det leder till gynnsamma effekter för både personal och patienter och kan leda till mer effektiva och kortare vårdtider.

Diskussion: Ramverket för McCormack och McCances (2006) teori om personcentrerad vård och tidigare forskning om patientdeltagande i psykiatrisk vård har hjälpt författaren att diskutera resultat som erhållits i denna intervjustudie.

The belief that people are generally fair and trustworthy has generated plenty of scholarly attention in recent decades, particularly in the Scandinavian countries, which are often known for high levels of social trust. This article draws attention to the current discussion in the literature on whether social trust is a stable cultural trait marked by persistence or is based on experiences and subject to change throughout life. Based on unique longitudinal data from five different cohorts of young people in Sweden, ranging in age from 13 to 28 years, this article provides an empirical contribution on how social trust develops over time. The results show that there is a greater degree of instability in social trust between 13 and 15 years of age than in other age groups, and that social trust appears to stabilize with age. Findings also indicate that there are substantial inter-individual differences in social trust among young people within the same age group, both in initial levels and in the rates of change over time. The article concludes that although social trust is relatively stable it tends to crystallize in early adulthood, highlighting the relevance of the impressionable-years hypothesis.

Decades of social science stress the vital role of trust in a robust democracy, and scholars have explored the origins of trust, highlighting the dynamic interaction between institutional trust and generalised social trust. While the literature exhibits uncertainties regarding the causal direction between these various forms of trust, it generally suggests that trust in institutions spills over to trust in people in general. This article examines a neglected aspect of trust studies – the relationship between local institutional trust and community trust. Drawing on a two-wave panel study from Sweden, the results indicate bidirectional relationships between the two forms of trust over time. In so doing, this study contributes to the prior research by showing that in a local context, where daily interactions take place between community members and representatives of local institutions, the relationship between trust in neighbours and trust in local institutions appears to be more complex and interdependent.

Språkbarriärer är en utmaning inom hälso- och sjukvården. Sjuksköterskors professionella ansvar är att förmedla korrekt, lämplig och tillräcklig information till patienten. Det har visat sig att sjuksköterskor haft svårighet att tillgodose en personcentrerad och säker vård när språkbarriärer förelåg. 

Internet har idag blivit en stor och stark social mötesplats för ungdomar. En stor del av deras kommunikation sker idag genom olika sociala forum som exempel Facebook, Twitter och Youtube. Internet skapar utrymme för frihet och uttryck. Å andra sidan kan det negativa med de olika sociala forumen vara att ungdomar kan fara illa genom att integriteten kränks på olika sätt. Trots att internet kan vara ett sätt för ungdomar att umgås på och därmed en social arena kan alltså risken för mobbning och kränkande behandling förekomma. Då människor i större utsträckning har tillgång till internet och mobiltelefoner resulterar det vidare till att mobbning och kränkande behandling som sker på nätet följer offret överallt i den dagliga tillvaron. Detta kan resultera i att nätmobbningen och nätkränkningen inte enbart sker på fritiden utan följer även med ungdomarna in i skolans värld. När denna typ av mobbning och kränkande behandling följer ungdomen in i skolans värld har skolan enligt lag skyldighet att agera. Hela skolans personal, föräldrar och elever är involverade i arbetet med att förebygga mobbning och kränkande behandling. Det krävs även att hela elevhälsan är delaktiga och där är nyckelpersonen, skolkuratorn. Utifrån detta är vårt syfte och vår ambition med denna studie att undersöka hur skolkuratorer i skolan hanterar problematik (mobbning, kränkande behandling, trakasserier samt diskriminering) som uppkommer på grund av sociala medier. Detta kommer att ske genom åtta kvalitativa intervjuer med skolkuratorer. Urvalet har begränsats till Norrort i Stockholm, där åtta grundskolor slumpmässigt valts ut. Vidare har även en intervju med en projektledare från organisationen Friends ägt rum. Studien bygger på tankarna bakom primär, sekundär och tertiär brottsprevention. Teorin som använts för att analysera resultatet är Sulers ”The online disinhibition effect”.

Huvudslutsatserna i studien är att mobbning som sker på sociala medier är ett svårt problem för skolkuratorerna att arbeta med. Skolkuratorerna uttrycker att det oftast inte handlar om mobbning utan om att personen istället utsätts för en kränkande behandling, detta då eleverna inte tänker sig för när det uttrycker sig på internet. En annan slutsats är att skolkuratorerna inte skiljer på traditionell mobbning och mobbning som sker på sociala medier och att deras förebyggande arbete är väldigt generellt. 

Background: There are several diseases that may cause a person to undergo a stoma surgery. Those who get a stoma surgery may need to adjust their lives based on new conditions. Getting adequate information, support and care from the nurse can be of great help to those people who recently received a stoma.

Aim: The aim was to describe how it is to live with a stoma.

Method: A literature review was conducted where eleven peer reviewed articles were sought from three databases. The articles were analysed, reviewed and compiled. Differences and similarities identified in the previous research were sought and formed the basis for results.

Results: Four themes were identified: The first was Life changes, the second: Sexuality and intimacy, the third: Support from nurses and allied and finally: Accept living with the stoma.

Discussion: In the light of Katie Eriksson`s theories regarding health care and health, aspects such as suffering and awareness that increased knowledge and understanding of people`s own experiences, feeling and thoughts should help to promote health and relieve suffering.

Background: Alzheimer is a disease that affects cognitively. People with Alzheimer's have difficulties with communication, taking in information and their daily routines. This in turn, leads to the person needing support in their daily life.

Aim: The aim was to describe loved one's experiences of caring for a relative with Alzheimer's disease.

Method: This was a qualitative literature review based on nine scientific articles retrieved from the databases PubMed and Cinahl Complete.

Results: The analysis resulted in four themes: Experiences of care-taking of the sick one showing that relatives do not have experiences which caused stress. Difficulties to balance their daily life, showing that relatives found it difficult to balance between their social life and the care for their loved one. Lack of knowledge resulting in difficulties in caring for their loved one. Lack of own time and recovery resulting in no time to recover, which in turn caused negative health effects. Others, on the other hand, described a sense of purpose in caring for the relative.

Summary: Individuals who care for a relative with Alzheimer’s disease have strong feelings and need a lot of support from different professions and society. Knowledge, communication and trust can create a better quality of life for relatives caring for a loved one. 

Migration within Europe has increased in recent years, leading to many migrating and seeking asylum in other countries. This type of migration is called forced migration, which is unplanned when you have to move.The purpose is to describe the health professionals' experiences of caring for migrants.

A literature review was conducted according to Friberg's method. The work is based on ten scientific articles obtained from the databases CINAHL, PubMed and Medline. All scientific articles are Qualitative to produce experiences. The articles were analyzed using Friberg's method of analysis. 

The result sets out five themes. Where the first themes are language difficulties, the second themes are cultural differences, the third themes are the health professionals' experience of mental ill-health in refugees, the fourth themes are the nursing relationship and the fifth themes are the nursing staff's knowledge.

The results showed that the healthcare staff experienced difficulties with communication, and that it was more difficult for them to establish a relationship with the migrants compared to other patients. Cultural differences were also a challenge that staff experienced, because of the different cultural differences that arise, it was difficult for the healthcare staff to care for the patients. Furthermore, the result is discussed in connection with Katie Eriksson's suffering theory

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that may lead to a number of dangerous complications. Type 2 diabetes is a global health problem and a long-term disease, which can have serious consequences for the individual and enormous costs for society. In order for people with type 2 diabetes to be able to reduce future complications, it is important that these people accept the disease, learn about the disease and receive training on self-care. In this context, the role of the nurse becomes even more important in educating patients with type 2 diabetes about self-care and encouraging the individual to participate in their care and to promote their health.

Aim: The purpose of this literature review is to describe person's experiences of living with type 2 diabetes.

Method: A literature review was conducted according to Friberg and the databases CINAHL Complete and PubMed were used in the search to find scientific articles. Nine scientific articles were selected to be used in the results and to identify themes.

Results:The result revealed 4 themes; Feeling fear and anxiety about the future, The importance of Motivation in managing one's illness, The need for support from family, health and medical staff and The importance of the care relationship for self-care.

Conclusion: Social support (family, friends, relatives) and a good care relationship with health care professionals are important factors for the person with type 2 diabetes to get motives to participate in care, promote the ability to manage their illness, perform self-care regarding type 2 diabetes and experience well-being.

Background: Depression is a common disease that causes great suffering for patients and their relatives. The disease is often under diagnosed because of comorbidity with physical disorders. Increased knowledge about depression is needed to a good response between patients and health care professionals.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how the patient with depression experiences treatment from healthcare professionals.

Method: A literature review based on ten scientific articles that were analyzed in accordance with Friberg (2012). Ten qualitative studies were retrieved from the database CINAHL, PsycINFO and PubMed. As a theoretical base used Rosemarie Rizzo Parse's theory.

Results: The result demonstrates two main themes and the six sub-themes. The first main theme highlights the relationship with the nursing staff with three sub-themes: participation, information, treatment and care available. The second main theme is the interaction with health care professionals with three sub-themes: communication, experience to be listened to and competent and present staff.

Discussion: The results discussed from Rosemarie Rizzo Parse's theory, and also additional ten scientific articles, with the aim to show that depressed patients who feel a lack trust, commitment from health care professionals and continuity had bad experiences of treatment with health care professionals. The needed a mutual relationship between patients and health care professionals in order to patients to have a good experience with health care professionals.

Background Palliative care is based on four basic principles: Communication, alleviating suffering, supporting relatives and teamwork. The nurse’s role in palliative care is to alleviate suffering and support the patient in the final stages of life while also supporting and involving the relatives.

Aim The aim is to describe the nurses experience of palliative care.

Method A literature review with analysis following Fribergs description which included 10 qualitative scientific articles from the databases Pubmed and Cinahl.

Results The result contains four themes that affect the nurse in palliative care, lack of emotional support for the nurse in palliative care, the nurses lack of experience and knowledge in palliative care, experiences of dealing with death as a nurse and the importance of relatives in palliative care.

Conclusions Nurses experience challenges in palliative care. To improve the care they need to build better relationships with the patients and their families, learn from experienced colleagues and improve their skills in palliative care.

Background: Diabetes is a common disease globally where there is a constant increase around the world. The treatment of diabetes can be both medical and lifestyle changes, for example physical activity and a healthier diet. Diet is of great importance when it comes to treating diabetes. 

Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe individuals’ experiences of recommended diet when diagnosed with diabetes type 2.  

Method: The method is a literature review with a systematic selection of articles from two databases Pubmed and Cinahl Complete. The keywords used in the database searches were diabetes mellitus, type 2, diet, attitude, experience, and management. Selected articles are from the years 2017-2020. All articles had a qualitative design. When analyzing the method Friberg's method analysis is applied, and the choice of theoretical starting point is applied to Roy's theoretical perspective. 

Results: This review shows that the family had a significant impact of what was eaten. Support from the family was of importance with diagnosed with diabetes. There has also had been a noticeable difference with the nutrition around the world, some people ate fried foods even though it is not perceived as a diet for people with diabetes. The financial aspect played a big part of which assets you got. 

Conclusion: Individuals experiences of diet in diabetes type 2 have shown that dietary advice should be based on different themes. These themes are culture, knowledge, family, and economics. The different themes show how patients manage their diabetes disease based on their diet.

Bakgrund: Kvinnlig könsstympning (KKS) är ett skadligt ingrepp där delar av kvinnors könsorgan avlägsnas eller förändras utan medicinskt syfte. Idag finns så många som över 200 miljoner kvinnor och unga flickor som gått igenom någon form av könsstympning. Ingreppet är fäst vid kulturella värderingar, trosuppfattningar och sociala mönster.

Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors attityder i möten med könsstympade kvinnor.

Metod: En litteraturöversikt som innefattar två kvalitativa och åtta kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Informationssökningen gjordes på databaserna CINAHL Complete och Pubmed. Artiklarna granskades och analyserades enligt Fribergs metod.

Resultat: Resultatet visade att de flesta sjuksköterskorna i studien hade varierande kunskaper och medvetenhet om KKS. Majoriteten av sjuksköterskorna visste att KKS hade skadliga konsekvenser. Kulturella, religiösa, sociala och sexuella faktorer tillskrevs som skäl för utövandet av KKS. En del av de hade en inställning på att vilja utföra KKS. Majoriteten av sjuksköterskorna i studien var motvilliga att låta sina döttrar genomgå KKS. Som en strategi för att eliminera KKS hade många åsikten att lagen mot KKS skulle tillämpas strikt.

Diskussion: Litteraturöversikten diskuteras med Madeleine Leiningers transkulturella omvårdnadsteori som grund. Diskussionen tar upp vikten av att ha förståelse för kulturella skillnader och anpassa omvårdnaden på ett sådant sätt att kvinnans perspektiv är väl sedd utan att sjuksköterskor behöver utföra kvinnlig könsstympning.

This study examines the link between the individual and social network, what social forces and social mechanisms involved in the interaction between individuals and groups and how we can explain and consider this relationship with the aim of understanding this connection. Through qualitative interviews, based on interviews of six active members in the organization Young KRIS (Young Criminal’s Return in the Society) examines the active social processes that the young members undergo, and motivates those who have been outside the expected conformed and regular society, to be included in the regular community and how this can be explained. The study shows that the organization through high availability, openness, knowledge of the needs of young people, good treatment, range of meaningful activities, has created a great venue for the young to develop and thus regain their place in the society.

Bakgrund: Palliativ vård innebär en holistisk och personcentrerad vård som syftar till att minimera lidande och främja livskvalitet vid livshotande sjukdom. De flesta människor avlider i en verksamhet där minst en sjuksköterska är verksam och ansvarar för personen. Detta innebär att den grundutbildade sjuksköterskan genom sin utbildning behöver förberedas på att vårda människor i livets slutskede. Sjuksköterskornas föreställningarna har en direkt inverkan på den palliativa vårdens kvalitet.

Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskestudenters föreställningar om att möta och vårda patienter i livets slutskede.

Metod: En integrativ litteraturöversikt med systematiskt tillvägagångssätt. Studien genomfördes med mixad metodik där både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar analyserades och syntetiserades.

Resultat: I den integrativa syntesen framkom tre övergripande teman. Det första temat var föreställningar inför att möta döden. Studenterna föreställde sig överlag att det var meningsfullt och givande att vårda döende patienter. Dock fanns en osäkerhet och rädsla kring att vårda en döende patient. Det andra temat var föreställningar om att samtala om döden. Studenterna ansåg att det var viktigt att samtala med patient och närstående samtidigt som de kände sig obekväma att prata om döden, då det fanns föreställningar om att de kunde säga fel saker. Det tredje temat var föreställningar om den egna förmågan. Det uppstod en ambivalens mellan studenternas ideal och deras förmåga. De ville göra gott och vara starka inför patienten men upplevde att de inte var vuxna för uppgiften.

Slutsats: Sjuksköterskestudenter i olika länder vill gärna kunna ge god omvårdnad i livets slutskede. Dock upplever studenterna rädsla och osäkerhet att möta och vårda människor i livets slutskede på grund av bristande kunskap och erfarenhet i palliativ vård. Utbildning, teoretisk så väl som verksamhetsförlagd, är viktig för att sjuksköterskestudenterna ska kunna ge en god palliativ vård.

Background: Miscarriage is a common phenomenon in our society. It is reported that approximately 17 % of all pregnant women in Sweden go through a miscarriage every year. For many women miscarriage is a tumultuous life event that often has a deep emotional impact. Miscarriage is a subject that often is prohibited to talk about in our western society. Consequently this means that nurses have an important role in the emotional support for these women. This can be a challenge in Sweden since the hospital stay for women who go through a miscarriage is very short and often limited to a day.Aim: This study aims to highlight women's reported experiences of miscarriage and their requested support.Methods: This study is based on twelve original scientific articles, of which ten had a qualitative approach, one had a quantitative approach and one had a mixed approach.Results: The study showed that the experience of miscarriage is individual. How women experience their miscarriage is largely linked to a woman's thoughts about her pregnancy. A miscarriage can evoke complex reactions if the woman starts to fantasize about her child and starts to identify herself as a mother. Many of the women complained about the lack of care that was given to them from the health care, which had a significant role in how they experienced the miscarriage. They requested more acknowledgements and more humanistic treatment and care, as well as follow-ups. The study also showed that women feel that relatives are a support factor to them during the miscarriage.Discussions: The results showed that there are flaws in the care of women who has experienced miscarriage, particularly that the women’s emotional needs are not met. Nurses who work in a gynecological unit require enhanced skills and preparedness in the health care of women undergoing miscarriage.

Background: Dementia is an incurable disease. Dementia can lead to serious symptoms such as language difficulties, dysfunction and behavioral changes. People with dementia need a special and well-suited environment. People with dementia need security in their daily lives, which becomes an important task for the nurse. In nursing work, the nurse will aim to increase the wellbeing of patients. In this case, the environment is designed in the dining room based on the patient's conditions.

Aim: To describe the design of the meal environment and how it affects people with dementia.

Method: A literature review has been carried out. Eleven quantitative scientific articles have been used for the study. The articles have been selected from the CINAHL and PubMed databases corresponding to the purpose. The articles have been analyzed with Friberg’s analysis method to be completed as material for the result.

Results: The result is based on a theme; the environment around the patients when they eat and three subtemes; the importance of music in the meal situation; the importance of lighting in the meal situation; the meaning of a home-like dining room. These describe the various resources required to increase the well-being of patients with dementia.

Discussion: The meal environment had a major impact on people with dementia. The environment in the dining room was adapted to the patient's requirements. The changing meal environment increased patient wellbeing. The home-like environment, calm background music and sufficient lighting during the meal were of great importance to the patient. The positive effect could contribute to increased calorie intake and decreased negative behavior in patients.

Background: Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that can lead to physical, psychological and social problems for the victim and adversely affects the quality of life of the patient. There is insufficient knowledge in the treatment of people with schizophrenia. Patients' subjective experiences are often neglected although they are of great importance in the care of patients and patient life. A better understanding of the patient's experiences can lead to better treatment and change of negative attitudes, thus making it possible to provide the care and treatment people with schizophrenia need.

Aim: To describe patients' subjective experiences of living with schizophrenia.

Method: A literature review based on ten qualitative studies found in the databases: PsycINFO, PubMed and CINAHL. The studies were processed and analyzed with meta synthesis and common themes identified.

Results: Five main themes were identified: schizophrenia is a complicated disease with severe symptoms, experiences of diagnosis and treatment, severe emotional experiences during childhood, importance of social relations for recovery and good insight and acceptance is the key to recovery.

Discussion: Patients' subjective experiences differ significantly from the objective observations and the perceptions of healthcare professionals. Changed attitudes towards schizophrenia in society and between healthcare professionals can contribute to empathetic and better treatment, which can promote living conditions for people with schizophrenia. More qualitative research and better education about patients' subjective experiences are needed.

Background: Chronic pain is common in the Swedish population. The pain experience is individual and influenced by the many dimensions of life. Chronic pain is difficult to cure and relieve, it causes suffering. To relieve suffering and promote health for these people is an important but not always easy task for the nurse. Therefore, it is necessary to have insight in the experiences related to living with chronic pain. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the experience of living with chronic pain. Methods: A literature review was used. The study is based on ten qualitative articles that have been investigated and analyzed with influence by Forsberg and Wengström (2013) and Friberg (2012). The scientific evidence is from the databases CINAHL and PubMed and is published year 2000-2013. Results: Three main themes with subthemes represent the result. The first main theme, Feeling that life is limited, describes the negative changes that the pain creates concerning physical, psychological and social aspects. The second main theme, Efforts to overcome the chronic pain, shows that varying strategies are used to overcome the chronic pain. In the third main theme, The struggle to be trusted in their suffering, the invisible pain appears as problematic, suspicion in touch with both family and caregivers occur. Discussions: The result is related to Eriksson´s nursing theory of suffering. The suffering of illness, the suffering of life and the suffering of care is discussed. Attempts to relieve pain as well as adaptation of life patterns and the ability of reconciliation are illuminated. Loneliness and separation is discussed as well as the importance of having time and space to suffer. The role of the fellow people in the suffering, and how the suffering of care may be eased is mentioned as well.

Det här är en bok om en tankeväckande seminarieserie och mötesresa genom arbetsplatslärandets Sverige. Arrangör var forskarnätverket Larena i samarbete med NTG-Lär och Arbetsmiljöforum.

Seminarieserien Arbetsplatsen som lärsystem – en utmaning för Sverige började som en idé i en hängmatta. Den blev sedan en nästan tvåårig seminarieserie – en lärstafett – där lärande i arbetslivet belystes utifrån olika teman. Syftet var att samla arbetslivsaktörer och andra intresserade för att genom samtal och reflektioner sätta lärande och kompetensutveckling i fokus för politiker och arbetsmarknadens parter och väcka nytt liv i diskussionen om kompetensutveckling i arbetslivet. Vilka krav ska man till exempel ställa på arbetsorganisation för att främja arbetsplatslärandet? Hur ska sambandet se ut mellan lön och lärande? Kan man certifiera arbetsplatser som främjar lärande? Frågorna var många.

 I bokens första del berättar arbetslivsjournalisten Gunhild Wallin om hur mötesresan avlöpte. I andra delen utvecklar Kenneth Abrahamsson idéer om hur lärandet i arbetslivet kan främjas i dialog och samverkan mellan arbetsmarknadens parter, staten och den enskilde. (Abstract från förlagets hemsida)

Background Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition that primarily affects muscles and joints. The diagnosis requires three months of pain and at least eleven tender points on the body. Apart from pain, the condition is characterized by fatigue and sleep disturbances. Globally, 2-6 percent suffer from fibromyalgia, with 80-90 percent of them being women. The causes of the disease are not entirely clear. Diagnosing the condition necessitates multiple healthcare visits, resulting in various treatments and tests to manage the symptoms.

Aim To illuminate individuals' experiences of living with fibromyalgia.

Method The study utilized Friberg's methodological framework (2022) for a systematic literature review. This involved summarizing and analyzing existing research in a specific area with meticulous scrutiny and a scientific approach to shed light on a current complex problem

Results The results highlighted pain and fatigue as central obstacles in both work and daily tasks. These often triggered depression and significantly impacted mental health. Additionally, this condition negatively affected family life and identity. Particularly evident were workplace stress and financial insecurity. Three main themes emerged: Trapped by Pain and Fatigue, Struggle against Depression and Identity Changes, and the Role of Family and Social Challenges.

Conclusion: Fibromyalgia patients suffer from pain, fatigue, and psychological impact, affecting work, identity, and family. They require support from society and healthcare.

Violence against women is an issue affecting women worldwide. Due to the high rates of women exposed to intimate partner violence, it is nearly impossible not to meet them in everyday nursing practice. Intimate partner violence is complex since it concerns physical violence as well as emotional, sexual, financial, and material aspects of abuse. Some women go to seek medical attention and herein lies the responsibility of the nurse to respond. Whilst many countries have handbooks or guidelines on how to support women exposed to intimate partner violence, nurses may encounter challenges in supporting these women in practice. This is particularly challenging in Jamaica, where there are reportedly high rates of intimate partner violence, but where various factors including limited resources and social and cultural norms, may limit the opportunities for nurses to support women exposed to intimate partner violence. Due to limited earlier research on the topic in Jamaica, there is a need for increased knowledge and understanding about how nurses in Kingston, Jamaica experienced the care they provide and how it affects them. 

Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer that affects women. Many women experience side effects from breast cancer treatments. One of the most common side effects is fatigue that can be perceived in different dimensions. The nurse has an important role by informing, supporting and motivating the patient to perform self-care activities before, during and after breast cancer treatment.

Aim: Illustrate different forms of physical activity and its effect on fatigue in women undergoing breast cancer treatment.

Method: A literature review has been conducted where eleven quantitative studies were selected. The databases used were PubMed, MEDLINE with Full Text and ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Database. The articles have been reviewed, discussed and summarized in order to distinguish between similarities and differences.

Results: It was found that physical activity, in various forms, had an effect to reduce fatigue. The result led to a main heading: Physical activity’s effect on fatigue with three subheadings: Aerobic physical activity, Combination of aerobic and muscle strengthening physical activity and Walking as physical activity.

Discussion: Four parts emerged from the result: The physical activity’s planning and structure, Barriers to perform physical activity, Positive experiences of physical activity and Nurse’s supportive function. The content has been discussed in conjunction with Dorothea E. Orem’s self-care theory and new applied qualitative data.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) is a public health disease that is found around the world. Diabetes is a disease that can be life-threatening if the patient does not receive medical care. It is classified as a non-communicable public disease, in addition to the bodily injuries such as DMT2, it can also cause financial difficulties for the patient as well as for health care. DMT2 disease negatively affects the patient as they cause daily problems. In the long term, it can also contribute to complications and in order to be able to prevent it, the patient needs knowledge about the disease insight as well as risk factors that may arise and which treatment can be effective for their quality of life.

Aim: To describe how people with type 2 diabetes experience their self-care.

Method: The overview for the literature search was made with the help of two databases Cinahl Complete and PubMED, where a selection of 11 scientific articles that focus on qualitative methods were selected

Results: The literature review shows 4 main areas: management of blood sugar value, diet management, physical activity and support.

Conclusion: The literature review has concluded that patients with type 2 diabetes need a lot of support from both health care but also from relatives and friends. In the literature review, it is also found that lifestyle habits have a great impact on patients, if they make a lifestyle change that benefits them, they can live a life of quality.

Background ADHD is a neuropsychiatric disorder that creates difficulty with impulsivity, hyperactivity and concentration. Children with this diagnosis have a high risk of ending up in a number of unfavorable situations. In care, the nurse places great focus on the child itself, but the parent is often forgotten in the situation. As ADHD is a lifechanging diagnosis for everyone involved, the parents also need support, for themselves but also for the child with ADHD.

Aim The purpose was to describe parents' experiences of having a child diagnosed with ADHD.

Method A literature review based on ten original scientific articles, both qualitative and quantitative research.

Results The results of the literature study are shown in three themes and subthemes: Theme 1: parents' actions towards the children based on knowledge and strategies. Theme 2: the impact on the family and the social life of the parent, which is divided into two sub-themes: The impact of the family structure on children with ADHD and the impact on opportunities and security in social life. Theme 3: daily stress that affects parental life and is divided into three sub-themes: Stress, parents mental health and lack of support and help.

Conclusions The results of the literature study show that the experience of having a child with the diagnosis ADHD in the parents' lives was demanding, challenging and stressful and affected the parents' social, physical and mental health. It shows that children with ADHD affected the family structure, household finances and parents' jobs. Caring for children with ADHD was not easy for parents' social lives and created fear, anxiety, insecurity and feelings of being inadequate and incompetent to care for their child. It also emerged that parents experienced stigmatization and isolation from the people in society and relatives.

Background: In previous studies on the subject hope it has been revealed that hope is an important condition for the experience of health, quality of life and well-being. In the literature hope is described as a great support in life that is vital for a person's life and for how the person manages to become afflicted with a fatal disease. Within palliative care the 6S: s is a person-centered model for care that is directed towards the promotion of patient´s participation, relief from suffering and enablement of well-being and support of the patient and his or her family members. Aim: To describe how patients find hope in their situation in palliative care, and to examine whether there is an interaction between the different dimensions of 6 S: s model and with patients' experiences of hope. Methods: This degree project is literature study. Analysis was made using a deductive analysis with the 6 s:n theory as a theoretical reference frame. Results: The patients were hoping for cure, to live with hope, symptom management and they found hope in activities, symbols and metaphors, dreams and fantasies, humor, spirituality, self-determination, control, relationships, strategies and goals. After the result analysis to this degree project it appeared that all factors of hope corresponded with the dimensions of the 6 S: s: Self-image, Self-determination, Social relationships, Symptom relief, Context and Strategies. Discussions:It has been found that to have hope is important for patients in palliative care as it enables them to deal with their situation and experience meaning, well-being and safety at end of life. It has also been demonstrated that there is an interaction between the different dimensions of 6 S: s model and patients' experiences of hope. Thus, the model can be assumed to facilitate a more systematic way to integrate conversations about hope and accordingly to promote hope among patients in palliative care.

Background: A great amount of elderly people suffer from different forms of dementia and unless these individuals suffer from another terminal disease the dementia will by its nature lead to death of the patient. Palliative care is often associated with cancer and cardiovascular diseases, however the palliative care is beginning to see the introduction of treatment for people with dementia.

Aim: The aim was to highlight nursing staffs' experiences of patients suffering from dementia within gerontological care in end of life.

Method: A literature review has been done based on search results from databases CINAHL complete, Pubmed and Ageline. The selected articles consisted of eight qualitative studies and two cross-sectional studies. The authors have based the analysis on Friberg's method of analysis.  

Results: In the result describes Introduction of palliative care for the people suffering from dementia, nursing staffs´experience of symptom relief, the importance of good communication as well as hindrance and possibilities for good palliative care. It was discovered that it can be perceived as harder to judge when a patient suffering from dementia is in need of palliative care compared to patients with other medical conditions. This also resulted in the caring relationship between patient and nursing staff is of high importance for the recognition of symptoms. Nursing staff perceived there were flaws in the emotional support after having nursed a patient with dementia.

Discussion: In the method discussion pros and cons regarding the chosen method is discussed, as well as the choice of articles and why some restrictions have been made. In the result discussion the result in relation to the theoretical entry points 6 S:s  is discussed. Correlations to person-centered care is discussed through the discussion of the result.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the attitudes, practices and work-related experiences among Swedish physicians regarding the referral process, integration and transition between oncology care and palliative care (PC).

METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was performed with a study-specific questionnaire in 2016-2017 in south-eastern Sweden. Physicians working with cancer patients within surgical specialties, medical specialties and paediatric oncology participated.

RESULTS: The vast majority of the 130 participating physicians (99.2%) stated that PC was beneficial for the patient and were positive about early integration of PC (65.5%). Still, only 27.6% of the participants introduced PC at an early stage of non-curable disease. However, paediatric oncologists had a very early introduction of PC in comparison with medical specialties (p = 0.004). Almost 90% of the study population said they wanted to know that the patient had been taken care of by another care facility.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the physicians' positive attitude towards early integration and referral to PC, they often acted late in the disease trajectory. This late approach can reduce the patient's opportunity of improving quality of life during severe circumstances. There is a need for in-depth knowledge of the physicians' challenges in order to bridge the gap between intentions and actions.

Background: A significant number of individuals who interact with Social Services have an NPF diagnosis. Many social workers believe they lack the necessary knowledge to effectively serve this demographic.

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate the social worker´s knowledge of NPF.

Method: This study uses a qualitative method and has been carried out using semi-structured interviews with 4 social workers. The interviewed people works in social services with children and young people. Thematic analysis was then used to process the material and create themes for the results.

Results: The results show that there is a lack of training about NPF in social services, both from sociologist training and from employers. However, it also showed that there is a lot of knowledge and experience that is used to help this target group. What became clear was that it is up to the individual social worker to design their strategies and that there is a lack of common working methods, which leads to an inequality depending on which social worker you meet. The interview material was then analyzed using Goffman's theory of Stigma.

Discussion: The result shows that knowledge is lacking among social workers and previous research shows the same thing, in Sweden there is a lack of similar studies in Social Services.

Ämnet i denna studie är egna och informella strategiers betydelse i organisatoriska sammanhang. Empirin baseras på hur socionomer förhåller sig till informella strategier i syfte att bli starkare individer och mer resistenta mot stress. För yrkesutövare inom socialt arbete är stress och ohälsa ett vanligt förekommande fenomen som ofta orsakats av hög arbetsbelastning. Ohälsa på arbetet kan få negativa konsekvenser för det sociala arbetet som utförs. Brist på återhämtningsmöjligheter på arbetsplatsen är vanligt då många verksamheter ställer krav på effektivitet hos socionomer. För att finna utrymme för att hantera stress använder sig därför många av egna tillvägagångssätt för att generera inre välbehag och stabilitet. Åtta intervjuer med socionomer som arbetar på olika sociala verksamheter inom den offentliga sektorn har deltagit i studien. Det teoretiska ramverk som använts för att förtydliga och belysa empirins innehåll är gräsrotsbyråkrati och empowerment. I resultatet beskriver socionomerna varför och hur de använder sig av informella strategier till vardags för att stärka sig själva. Vidare förstås empirin utifrån ramverk som handlar om individens egna resurser och den kontext de befinner sig i. I studien framkommer det att socionomer väljer strategier utifrån att det finns ett behov av tid för återhämtning och att de förespråkar att själva välja strategier utifrån sig själva. De menar att det viktigaste är att välja strategier som är individanpassade, som genererar glädje och som bidrar till känslomässig balans. Kreativiteten sätter gränserna för hur strategierna kan användas och verktygen tycks finnas inom var och en.

Abstract

Background: Patients may have different experiences while they are cared for in a multiplebed

room. Those experiences are influenced by the hospital environment,

atmosphere, lack of space and communication. Dignity can be affected and

offend in various ways depending on their own perceptions of dignity.

Aim: The aim of this literature review was to explore how patients experienced

their own dignity in a multiple-bed room ward within somatic care.

Methods: This literature review was based on 13 qualitative and one quantitative study

and found in the databases CINAHL, Medline and PubMed. The results were

compiled in a chart, where similarly themes were identified to created new

themes.

Results: The overall themes for this literature review are presented in six different

themes. They are: Patients experiences of being independent, patients

privacy, patients’ participation in being placed in a multiple-bed room,

patients' experiences of being with others and how staffs’ response affects

patients' experiences. The patients both positive and negative experiences are

described.

Discussions: The authors discuss the results based on Nordenfelt dignity concept, where

dignity as moral stature, human dignity and the dignity of identity are

involved.

Keywords: Multiple-bed rooms, privacy, patients’ experience, dignity

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen bland kvinnor i världen. Behandlingen medför olika konsekvenser som påverkar kvinnors liv och välbefinnande som kan leda till kvinnors sexuella hälsa, sexualitet samt relation till sig själv och sin partner blir påverkad.

Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva upplevelser av sexuell hälsa hos kvinnor i samband med bröstcancer.

Metod: En litteraturöversikt gjordes som innehåller fyra kvalitativa, fem kvantitativa och två vetenskapliga artiklar med mixad metod. Artiklarna analyserades och granskades enligt Fribergs metod.

Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i sex temaområden som beskriver upplevelser av sexuell hälsa hos kvinnor med bröstcancer: Förändrad sexuell hälsa, Psykologiska konsekvenser, Kvinnans relation till sig själv och sin kropp, Relationer med partner, Kommunikationen med hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal och Fördomar kring bröstcancerbehandling.

Diskussion: Diskussionen inkluderar en metoddiskussion och en resultatdiskussion. I metoddiskussionen diskuteras styrkor och svagheter, genomförda tillvägagångssätt samt kvalitetsgranskning av resultatartiklar. Vidare i resultatdiskussion diskuteras resultatets fynd utifrån Katie Erikssons teori om lidande samt andra studier och egna reflektioner.

Background: Substance abuse has a negative impact on the body and is contributing to some of the world's diseases. The drug availability has increased, showing an upward trend. Patients with substance abuse who seek care feel that their needs are not taken seriously. The nurse’s role in this is to create a care that is as good and efficient as possible, where patients feel involved and respected.

Aim: To investigate nurses' experiences of caring for people with substance use problems.

Method: The literature review consisted of ten scientific articles taken from the databases Cinahl Complete and PubMed. All articles were based on nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with substance abuse. The result was constructed on the similarities and differences between the articles.

Results: The results showed that nurses from various departments had different experiences of providing care to patients with substance abuse problems. Nurses working on different kind of departments did not have any specific training focused on substance abuse. In contrast, nurses who worked in psychiatry, detoxification centers, and alcohol and drug departments, had more experience of dealing with patients suffering from this sort of disease.

Discussion: The discussion has been based on Parse's theory Humanbecoming. With help of the theory the discussion included the nurses’ different experiences and how healthcare is formed along this. It concluded with the impact education and healthcare environment has on the care for patients with substance abuse.

Sammanfattning

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor har till uppgift att informera anhöriga med hänsyn till tidpunkt, form och innehåll. Anhöriga har behov av att få information från sjuksköterskor. Studier visar att behovet av information inte tillfredsställs och att anhöriga lider i ovisshet och väntan.

Syfte: Beskriva anhörigas upplevelser av att bli informerade av sjuksköterskor.

Metod: En litteraturöversikt enligt Friberg (2006) har gjorts och baserats på nio vetenskapliga artiklar. Likheter i resultaten delades efter innehåll in i teman.

Resultat: Anhöriga vill bli informerade på vardagligt språk, med få medicinska termer och informationen ska vara rak, sanningsenlig och patientnära. De vill inte behöva vänta på att få information, de vill få den kontinuerligt och inte riskera att få motsägelsefull information. Förmedlad information ska syfta till att anhöriga får förståelse för situationen den närstående befinner sig i, utvecklar tillit till sjuksköterskorna och blir delaktiga i vården av den närstående. Dessutom bör förmedlad information lämna utrymme för realistiskt hopp. 

Diskussion: Det händer att sjuksköterskor talar i medicinsk jargong med varandra och då anpassar de inte språket efter de anhörigas förförståelse av sjukvården. Sjuksköterskor bör, således, väga sina ord med större omsorg. Anhöriga söker information från andra källor, vilket ställer högre krav på sjuksköterskor att uppdatera och anpassa sig efter dagens snabba informationsflöde. För att möta anhörigas vilja till delaktighet kan familjeronder öka informationsöverföringen. Anhöriga får där möta människor från olika professioner och ta vara på deras kunskaper om den närstående och på så sätt skapa sig en egen bild över situationen.

Nyckelord: Anhöriga, behov, information, sjuksköterskor